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Which standards are popularly used internationally to check different types of dial gauges?
What is more important gauge R & R or the uncertainty in measurement?
Can I reject a standard instrument like a dial gauge by applying criterion of gauge R & R and send it back to its manufacturer?
Does subzero treated masters expand or contract as the temperature changes?
Can I use a gauge whose hardness is equal to or slightly more than my component hardness ?
Can you give us some references on uncertainty in measurement?
What are unilateral tolerances ?
Which standards are popularly used internationally to check different types of dial gauges?
In India IS 2092- 1983 is used for plunger type dial gauges while IS 11498-1985 is used for lever type dial gauges In Europe, DIN 878 - 1983 is used for plunger type dial gauges while DIN 2270 - 1985 is used for lever type dial gauges In USA, ASME/ANSI B89.1.10M - 1987 (Now its 2000) is used for plunger as well as lever type dial gauges In Japan JIS B 7503-1997 is used for plunger type dial gauge while JIS B 7533-1990 is used for lever type dial gauge ISO has published its recommendations for plunger type dial gauges ISO/ R463-1965 but it is not a standard yet.
What is more important gauge R & R or the uncertainty in measurement?
Both these are having different purposes. While accepting a gauge for shop floor use you may want to check its R & R before putting into service. On the other hand while calibrating a master you would want to decide its size with certain uncertainty of measurement. Similarly, while calibrating an instrument you would want to decide its error with some uncertainty in measurement. For all practical purpose the above answer lays down sufficiently accurate guidelines.
Can I reject a standard instrument like a dial gauge by applying criterion of gauge R & R and send it back to its manufacturer?
Surely not. Probably no manufacturer will accept it. Such instruments generally conform to well known national and international standards. Gauge R & R tells you whether a given gauge is suitable for your own specific use. Probably your selection of instrument for that application is wrong. You can not apply this acceptance criterion to reject a dial gauge which is a general purpose instrument.
Does subzero treated master expand or contract as the temperature changes?
Surely it does. This is a common misconception. Subzero treatment does render dimensional stability to a gauge. It means that with passage of time its size does not change due to modification in internal molecular structure ( Retained Austenite to Martensite and all that ) However, there is no change in its behaviour with respect to temperature.
Can I use a gauge whose hardness is equal to or slightly more than my component hardness ?
It is not recommended. Your gauge should be 10 Rc more than component. Of course, I am not talking about NOGO gauges.

Can you give us some references on uncertainty in measurement?
The best source is internet. Go to search engine GOOGLE.COM or any other search engines and type 'uncertainty in measurement' and you will have all the data you need.
You will also get two page print out listing down all the references on this topic if you click on www.microserve.net/~iso25/biblography_of_uncertainty.htm. In case you come across any problem, please contact us, we will help you

What are unilateral tolerances ?
Unilateral tolerances are those tolerances in which there is no mean. An example will make it more clear. Take tolerance of roundness, squareness or concentricity. Whatever value specified in the drawing is maximum permissible value. This is not the value which we should aim at. On the similar lines, some tolerances are specified as minimum permissible value. Generally tolerances related to material properties like hardness, tensile strength etc are specified in this way. In a nutshell tolerances when specified as a maximum or minimum permissible limit i.e. single sided, are known as unilateral tolerances . Accordingly both sided tolerance is known as bilateral tolerance. Generally all geometrical tolerances are unilateral while dimensional tolerance is bilateral
 
 
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